Words Derived from Pend

Words Derived from Pend Words Derived from Pend Words Derived from Pend By Mark Nichol Pend, stemming from the Latin verb pendere, meaning â€Å"hang,† is used exclusively in legal terminology, as a verb meaning â€Å"be awaiting,† but it appears as the root of many other words referring to hanging or weight, which are listed and defined in this post. Something that is pending is waiting to be resolved. A pendant is a fixture or ornament that hangs; the word can also refer to a certain type of rope used in sailing, is a British English variant of pennant (a small, tapering flag), and may also refer to something complementary or supplementary, such as a companion volume to a book. A compendium (â€Å"weigh together†), meanwhile, is a collection; it is frequently used in a literary sense. To append (â€Å"weigh out†) is to attach something, and something attached to something else, such as a limb, is often referred to as an appendage. Supplemental content attached to the end of a book is called an appendix, and a vestigial organ of the body is so named because it hangs from the large intestine. (Its full name is vermiform appendix; the first word means â€Å"wormlike†). To depend (â€Å"hang from†) on someone or something is to rely on him, her, or it; the adjectival form is dependable, dependent is both an adjective and a noun, and dependence is the noun form. (Antonyms referring to freedom from reliance are independent and independence, while codependent, codependence, and codependency refer to control or manipulation of one person by another.) To prepend (â€Å"weigh before†) is to consider. To expend (â€Å"weigh out†) is to pay; the adjectival form is expendable (though it can also be used as noun). Something impending (â€Å"hanging over†) is about to occur; the basic verb form is rare. A stipend (â€Å"weigh payment†) is money given as pay for short-term work, generally a modest amount not equivalent to a salary. To suspend (â€Å"hang up†) is to hang something or cause someone to wait for something; the feeling that results is suspense, and the act is called suspension. A pendulum is a weight that swings to and fro to regulate movement; it may also refer figuratively to movement from one position to its opposite. Something that swings heavily can be described as pendulous. Perpendicular (â€Å"hanging thoroughly†) means â€Å"projecting at right angles†); it is sometimes employed as a synonym for precipitous and may refers to individuals of distinctive types. (Perpendiculum is the Latin term for a plumb line, a weighted cord that in conjunction with gravity is used to ensure that an upright structural element is straight.) Pendentive is an architectural term for a structural element that helps support a dome. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†Neither... or?

Resocialization Definition, Discussion and Examples

Resocialization Definition, Discussion and Examples Resocialization is a process in which a person is taught new norms, values, and practices that foster their transition from one social role to another. Resocialization can involve both minor and major forms of change and can be both voluntary or involuntary. The process ranges from simply adjusting to a new job or work environment, to  moving to another country where you have to learn new customs, dress, language, and eating habits, to even more significant forms of change like becoming a parent. Examples of involuntary resocialization include becoming a prisoner or a widow. Resocialization differs from the formative, lifelong process of socialization in that the latter directs a persons development whereas the former  redirects their development. Learning and Unlearning Sociologist Erving Goffman defined resocialization as a process of tearing down and rebuilding an individual’s role and socially constructed sense of self. It is often  a deliberate and intense social process and it revolves around the notion that if something can be learned, it can be unlearned. Resocialization can also be defined as a process that subjects an individual to new values, attitudes, and skills defined as adequate according to the norms of a particular institution, and the person must change to function adequately according to those norms. A prison sentence is a good example. The individual not only has to change and rehabilitate their behavior to return to society, but must also accommodate the new norms required of living in a prison. Resocialization is also necessary among people who have never been socialized from the start, such as feral or severely abused children. It is also relevant for people who havent had to behave socially for long periods, such as prisoners who have been in solitary confinement. But it can also be a subtle process not directed by any particular institution, such as when one becomes a parent or goes through another significant life transition, like a marriage, divorce, or the death of a spouse. Following such circumstances, one must figure out what their new social role is and how they relate to others in that role. Resocialization and Total Institutions A total institution is one in which a person is completely immersed in the environment which controls every aspect of day-to-day life under a singular authority. The goal of a total institution is resocialization to completely alter an individual and/or group of peoples  way of living and being. Prisons, the military, and fraternity houses are examples of total institutions. Within a total institution, resocialization is comprised of two parts. First, the institutional staff attempts to break down the residents identities and independence. This can be accomplished by making individuals give up their possessions, get identical haircuts and wear standard-issue clothing or uniforms. It can be further achieved by subjecting individuals to humiliating and degrading processes such as fingerprinting, strip searches, and giving people serial numbers as identification rather than using their names. The second phase of resocialization is attempting to build a new personality or sense of self which is usually accomplished with a system of reward and punishment.  The goal is conformity which results when people change their behavior to accommodate the expectations of an authority figure or those of the larger group. Conformity can be established through rewards, such as allowing individuals access to a television, book or telephone. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Key themes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Key themes - Assignment Example Descriptive moral relativism provides that there are deep and widespread moral differences across different societies and these differences are weightier than the agreements that exist. Meta-ethical relativism on the other hand, provides that the falsity or the truth of moral judgments or their justifications are not universal but relative to the convictions, practices and traditions of a group. Normative moral relativism maintains that meta-ethical, moral realism suggests that we ought to tolerate the behavior of others, even where such behavior contradicts our cultural or personal standards.2 Arguments for moral relativism include the diversity argument which provides that there is a great diversity in the notions of what is moral and what is immoral and each view on morality is correct. The humility argument provides that an individual is in no position to tell others that their moral beliefs are false and everyone’s moral beliefs are true. People also accept moral relativism in order to tolerate and respect differing opinions on right and wrong. Problems of moral relativism include inconsistencies on what is right and wrong and the unacceptable consequences of the different views on what is moral and what is

Environmental impact Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Environmental impact - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the description of the project. In 2006, the Department of Trade and Industry highlighted the fact that in next 20 years, up to third of the UK’s oil and gas generating capacity will be exhausted. Renewable energy has always been part of the United Kingdom’s plan of reducing carbon dioxide omissions and also bridging the gap caused by aging nuclear power plants and dying fossil fuel. The plan also includes reducing UK’s dependencies on imported energy sources. The only way to address the issue was to increase the proportion of electricity generated from renewable resources such as wind, marine etc. A number of wind farm projects were put into consideration. One of which was the Beatrice Wind Farm project located at 25km off the east coast of Scotland. The project, which is a joint venture between Talisman Energy and Scottish and Southern Energy, consisted of two wind turbines designed to examine the possibility of creating a commerci ally large scale wind farm capable of generating large amount of energy. The two wind turbines, which are prototypes of the actual wind farm, are capable of generating 5MW of energy each going in water as deep as 45 meters. The cost of this demonstrator project is estimated to be around 41 million Euros. The actual development however will cover an approximate area of 132km2 and will be consisting of 184 turbines in total with the capacity of generating 920MW of energy. The project began in 2007 and was proposed to last 5 years in which these two prototype wind turbines were to be assessed. The construction will begin in 2014 and the farm will be fully operational by 2017. Figure 2) Beatrice wind turbine project showing the two demonstrator turbines (Retrieved from: http://www.beatricewind.co.uk/home/default.asp) The two demonstrator wind turbines, which are positioned 500m across each other, were given a run of 5 years by the authorities to merely asses the ‘goods and the bad s’ of the whole project. Its primary purpose was to better understand the impact of deepwater wind farms on the surrounding environment. Although there have been several wind farms already in operation on in UK and Scotland producing around 5 gigwatts GW of energy, a project of this magnitude require some assessment in the beginning. Since the projected area is also home to a number of different species of fish and seals, it is only appropriate to first asses its impact for a certain period of time and then draw any conclusions. Not only that, since it is the first deepwater wind farm project in the world, it adds an extra attention globally. The demonstrator project therefore plays a crucial role in determining whether the large scale farm is effective both in terms of generating energy and its overall cost. During any environmental assessment, the most important part of the process is the scoping process. It is in this stage of the project the key environmental issues are i dentified. It not only helps pinpointing the problem early in the stage but also allows mitigation design changes to be made. It is during this stage that a project is either continued with or is cancelled keeping in mind its environmental impacts. The scoping exercise of Beatrice wind farm project for this report is based on network diagram technique and the results can be found in the following table: Scoping Exercise to determine the main impacts: Potential Impacts Explanation Mitigation Effect on fish Electric field generated from the turbines my affect breeding or feeding abilities 1) Electric cables would be buried underground to minimize the effect. 2) Special insulation might be used on the cables to absorb electric fields. Interaction with birds Might cause disturbance in their migration. It may also affect their breeding and feeding behavior. 1) Careful selection of wind turbine blades. 2) Monitoring of bird movement in the area of the field through radar. Creation of unde rwater noise May interrupt marine mammal behavior 1) Selection of

Drug Companies and Ethics Essay Example for Free

Drug Companies and Ethics Essay After researching pharmaceutical companies, I quickly realized this is a very controversial topic. I’m not certain anyone in many of these companies have very many moral standards. Drug companies seemed to be very profitable from the researchers to the drug reps that deliver â€Å"gifts† and sample meds to the doctor’s offices that push their medications. Many activists will argue that drug companies put themselves before human rights. Companies violate health related human rights by prioritizing profits over peoples access to essential medications. Many large scale drug companies argue that they are proudly taking the stakeholder approach and striving to promote fair labor practices and non-discrimination in the workplace. They will also argue that the reason medication prices are so high is because of all of the research that is involved in developing a medication, while activists argue that meds are so expenisve due to the marketing they put into a drug in the first several years. I found researching the pharmaceutical companies to be very interesting. It was very hard to get past the negative controversies and debates to find anything positive about any one company. However, I finally found one company in particular, Merck Co. that has taken responsibility and turned around some negative press by developing a program that helps thousands of people. Lynch 2 Merck is one of the largest and most profitable drug companies in the world, but they have also been a leader in a donation program that helps Third World countries in Africa, South America and Yemen since the 1980’s. Merck became one of the first drug companies to become socially responsible by donating to countries that could not afford the essential medications needed to prevent a disease that caused something as severe as blindness in hundreds of people. Their medication, Mectizan, taken annually can alleviate and has ultimately eliminated this disease in some countries. Since the 80’s when Merck started this program many other drug companies have jumped on board. Companies such as Pfizer, Johnson Johnson and GlaxoSmithKline have all started taking social responsibility and are now donating through programs to these Third World countries. These companies are donating medications that our country takes for granted and that we may not need in our everyday life. Johnson Johnson donates a medication that rids their children of intestinal parasites while Pfizer donates Zithromax to eliminate trachoma. If it were not for these companies donating such large quantities of these drugs every year, millions of lives would be lost. I find it very interesting that the drug companies that many people complain about and that make millions a year in profits seem to also be able to do such wonderful things in these countries. I found many articles that complained about the CEO’s and about the terrible morals that some of these pharmaceutical companies are known for. I think that when it comes to morals and ethics people see what they want to see. Drug companies have had a bad name for many years so you don’t see a lot of positive press and articles such as the one I found. It was actually refreshing to read about the dr ug companies that donate and the lives they save. Some of us may not agree with how these companies push their drugs into our doctor offices and we may even say that they do not practice great ethics, but it seems as if these companies are at least trying to keep a â€Å"good name.† I am certain that the people in these Third World countries are very grateful to the drug companies that donate because not only are these companies saving their lives but they are also saving the lives of their children.

How Conan Doyle Perceives a Victorian Gentleman in Sherlock Holmes :: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes Essays

How Conan Doyle Perceives a Victorian Gentleman in Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes is a hero, he is also a typical Victorian gentleman. A very important fact about the books is that he was the first detective. This brought him much attention and many people loved this idea. He set the standard and has been copied by others many times. Detectives nowadays are still perceived to be just like Sherlock Holmes. They still have the same mannerisms: for example Sherlock Holmes Detectives nowadays * High Moral Yes. * Money - Rich Usually. * Women Not many of the detectives favour women. * Very clever Yes. * Loner Not many friends * Has a drug problem Many drink, and abuse alcohol etc. This table shows how many detectives nowadays are still very much like Holmes. Holmes was very popular too many people in the Victorian era. He was a brake from normal life, an escape from reality. Many of the men had to perfect and where find it too difficult so would take a break and read Conan Doyle's stories on Holmes. Victorian people needed a break from the hustle and bustle of the streets and daily life so turned to the stories of Sherlock Holmes. At this time in the Victorian era the police didn't have much control. There were many people on the streets and there was a lot of crime. Jack the Ripper was also on the loose and people didn't feel safe. They turned to Holmes to reassure them and comfort them. There was also a rise in middle class educated people. This meant more people were reading so would be more interested in finding good books. As more and more people enjoyed them the word spread, so many more people would by his stories, of Holmes. The first story that I am going to talk about is The Speckled Band. The Speckled Band This is a story about heartless widower, Dr Roylott. He returns with his twin step-daughters to Stoke Moran, to his family's old and country house, where wild animals and gypsies wander on its grounds. One of the girls, Helen, visits Holmes after the death of her sister. She comes to Holmes and tells him the story. She exclaims to Holmes that she came out of the room screaming "the band, the speckled band." Holmes notices livid spots and marks on Helen's wrists made by her stepfather, and agrees to go with Watson to Stoke Moran to investigate. They occupy the bedroom of her dead twin which is located next to Dr Roylott's. Late at night they hear a noise which proves to be a speckled snake going down the bell-pull from Roylott's bedroom.

Plot Analysis: Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone Essay

Before the start of the novel, Voldemort, considered the most evil and powerful dark wizard in history, kills Harry’s parents but mysteriously vanishes after trying to kill the infant Harry. While the wizarding world celebrates Voldemort’s downfall, Professor Dumbledore, Professor McGonagall and Rubeus Hagrid place the one year-old orphan in the care of his neglectful and abusive Muggle (non-wizard) uncle and aunt: Vernon and Petunia Dursley, who have a son, Dudley, a spoiled and selfish boy. For ten years, Harry is tormented by the Dursleys. Shortly before his eleventh birthday, a series of letters addressed to Harry arrive, but Vernon destroys them before Harry can read them, leading only to an influx of more letters. To get away from the letters, Vernon takes the family to a small island. As they are settling in, Hagrid bursts through the door to tell Harry what the Dursleys have kept from him: Harry is a wizard and has been accepted at Hogwarts. Hagrid takes Harry to Diagon Alley, a magically concealed shopping precinct in London, where Harry is bewildered to discover how famous he is among wizards as â€Å"the boy who lived.† He also finds that he is quite wealthy, since a bequest from his parents has remained on deposit at Gringotts Wizarding Bank. Guided by Hagrid, he buys the equipment he needs for Hogwarts. At the wand shop, he finds that the wand that suits him best is the twin of Voldemort’s; both wands contain feathers from the same phoenix.[1] A month later, Harry leaves the Dursleys’ home to catch the Hogwarts Express from King’s Cross railway station. There he meets the Weasley family, who show him how to pass through the magical wall to Platform 9 ¾, where the train is waiting. While on the train, Harry makes friends with Ron Weasley, who tells him that someone tried to rob a vault at Gringotts. During the ride, they meet Hermione Granger. Another new pupil, Draco Malfoy, accompanied by his sidekicks Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle, offers to advise Harry, but Harry dislikes Draco’s arrogance and prejudice. Before the term’s first dinner in the school’s Great Hall, the new pupils are allocated to houses by the Sorting Hat. Before it is Harry’s turn, he catches Professor Snape’s eye and feels a pain in the scar Voldemort left on his forehead. While Harry is being sorted, the Hat wonders whether he should be in Slytherin, but when Harry objects, the Hat sends him to Gryffindor. After a terrible first Potions lesson with Snape, Harry and Ron visit Hagrid, who lives in a cabin on the edge of the Forbidden Forest. There they learn that the attempted robbery at Gringotts happened the day Harry withdrew money. Harry remembers that Hagrid had removed a small package from the vault that had been broken into. During the new pupils’ first broom-flying lesson, Neville Longbottom breaks hi s wrist, and Draco takes advantage to throw the forgetful Neville’s fragile Remembrall high in the air. Harry gives chase on his broomstick, catching the Remembrall inches from the ground. Professor McGonagall dashes out and appoints him as the new Seeker for the Gryffindor Quidditch team.[a] When Draco tricks Ron and Harry, who are accompanied by Neville and Hermione Granger, into a midnight excursion, they accidentally enter a forbidden corridor and find a huge three-headed dog. The group hastily retreats, and Hermione notices that the dog is standing over a trap-door. Harry concludes that the monster is guarding the package Hagrid retrieved from Gringotts. After Ron criticises Hermione’s ostentatious proficiency in Charms, she hides in the girls’ toilet, crying. At the Halloween Night dinner, Professor Quirrell reports that a troll has entered the dungeons. While everyone returns to their dormitories, Harry and Ron rush to warn Hermione. The troll corners Hermione in the toilet but Harry and Ron clumsily save her. Afterwards, Hermione takes the blame for the battle and becomes a firm friend of the two boys. The evening before Harry’s first Quidditch match, he sees Snape receiving medical attention from Filch for a bite on his leg caused by the three-headed dog. During the game, Harry’s broomstick goes out of control, endangering his life, and Hermione notices that Snape is staring at Harry and muttering. She dashes over to the Professors’ stand, knocking over Professor Quirrell in her haste, and sets fire to Snape’s robe. Harry regains control of his broomstick and catches the Golden Snitch, winning the game for Gryffindor. Hagrid refuses to believe that Snape was responsible for Harry’s danger, but lets slip that he bought the three-headed dog and that the monster is guarding a secret that belongs to Professor Dumbledore and someone called Nicolas Flamel. Harry and the Weasleys stay at Hogwarts for Christmas, and one of Harry’s presents, from an anonymous donor, is an Invisibility Cloak owned by his father. Harry uses the Cloak to search the library’s Restricted Section for information about the mysterious Flamel, and he happens to find a room containing the Mirror of Erised, which shows him his parents and several of their ancestors. Harry becomes addicted to the Mirror’s visions until he is rescued by Professor Dumbledore, who explains that it only shows the viewer what he most desperately longs for. When the rest of the pupils return for the next term, Draco plays a prank on Neville, and Harry consoles Neville with a sweet. The collectible card wrapped with the sweet identifies Flamel as an alchemist. Hermione soon finds that he is a 665-year-old man who possesses the only known Philosopher’s Stone, from which an elixir of life can be extracted. A few days later, Harry notices Snape sneaking towards the outskirts of the Forbidden Forest. There he half-hears a furtive conversation about the Philosopher’s Stone between Snape and Quirrell. Harry concludes that Snape is trying to steal the Stone and Quirrell has helped prepare a series of defences for it, which was an almost fatal mistake. The three friends discover that Hagrid is raising a baby dragon, which is against wizard law, and arrange to smuggle it out of the country around midnight. Draco, hoping to get them into trouble, tells Professor McGonagall. Although the dragon is safely away, they are caught outside of their dormitory. Harry, Hermione, Draco, and Neville (who, trying to stop Harry and Hermione after hearing what Draco had been saying, was caught by McGonagall as well) are punished by helping Hagrid to rescue a badly injured unicorn in the Forbidden Forest. They split into two parties, and Harry and Draco find the unicorn dead, surrounded by its blood. A hooded figure crawls to the corpse and drinks the blood, then moves towards Harry, who is knocked out by an agonising pain in his scar. When Harry regains consciousness, the hooded figure is gone and a centaur, Firenze, offers to give him a ride back to the school. The centaur tells Harry that drinking a unicorn’s blood will save the life of a mortally injured person, but at the price of having a cursed life from that moment on. Firenze suggests Voldemort drank the unicorn’s blood to gain enough strength to make the elixir of life from the Philosopher’s Stone, and regain full health by drinking that. A few weeks later, Harry learns from Hagrid that the dragon egg was given to him by a hooded stranger who had asked him how to get past the three-headed dog, which Hagrid had admitted was easy – music sends it to sleep. Realising that one of the Philosopher’s Stone’s defences is no longer secure, Harry goes to inform Professor Dumbledore, only to find that the headmaster has just left for a meeting in London. Harry concludes that Snape faked the message that called Dumbledore away and will try to steal the Stone that night. Covered by the Invisibility Cloak, Harry and his two friends go to the three-headed dog’s chamber, where Harry sends the beast to sleep by playing a flute. After lifting the trap-door, they encounter a series of obstacles, each of which requires special skills possessed by one of the three, and one of which requires Ron to sacrifice himself in a game of wizard’s chess. In the final room Harry, now alone, finds Quirrell rather than Snape. Quirrell admits that he let in the troll and that he tried to kill Harry during the first Quidditch match. Snape had been trying to protect Harry all along. Quirrell serves Voldemort and, after failing to steal the Philosopher’s Stone from Gringotts, allowed his master to possess him in order to improve their chances of success. However, the only other object in the room is the Mirror of Erised, and Quirrell can se e no sign of the Stone. At Voldemort’s bidding, Quirrell forces Harry to stand in front of the Mirror. Harry feels the Stone drop into his pocket and tries to stall. Quirrell removes his turban, revealing the face of Voldemort on the back of his head. Voldemort/Quirrell tries to grab the Stone from Harry, but simply touching Harry causes Quirrell’s flesh to burn. After further struggles, Harry passes out. He awakes in the school hospital, where Professor Dumbledore tells him that he survived because his mother sacrificed her life to protect him, and Voldemort could not understand the power of such love. Voldemort left Quirrell to die and is likely to return by some other means. The Stone has now been destroyed. Harry returns to the Dursleys for the summer holiday, but does not tell them that under-age wizards are forbidden to use magic outside Hogwarts.

Chevron Oil Industry Analysis

http://factsanddetails. com/world. php? itemid=1541&catid=51&subcatid=326 Chevron: Industry Analysis Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrants is extremely low due to several factors. First, the oil industry which consists of thousands of oil and oil service companies throughout the world is an extremely large market. â€Å"According to the Department of Energy (DOE), Fossil fuels which include coal, oil, and natural gas make up more than 85% of the energy consumed in the U. S. as of 2008† (investopia). The fact that it is such a large market, make it very competitive for new entrants.Also, the oil industry is already in the mature stage, dominated by many major players including Chevron that has been around for a long period of time with various locations worldwide. This shows that they have an established reputation that is hard to compete with. Also, there are several barriers to entry which make it a very competitive market. These challenges include high capital co st, economies of scale, distribution channels, technology, environmental and governmental regulation as well as high levels of industry expertise.According to the Turnkey Analyst, â€Å"it is very difficult to build sustainable competitive advantages in the energy industry where oil’s commodity nature inhibits pricing power within the industry. Market participants are constantly required to invest capital to maintain cash flows and market share. † Therefore, these barriers to entry make it hard for new players to enter the market. http://turnkeyanalyst. com/2012/06/turnkey-research-note-chevron-corporation-nyse-cvx/ Rivalry among Existing Firms The oil industry is different from other due to the high demand for oil.Despite being a national company, Chevron has many competitors including regional as well as independent companies. Chevron is among the second largest oil companies in the world. Its competitors are Exxon, Royal Dutch Shell and BP. (chevron). Since oil is a commodity, the rivalry among existing firms is low. This is because there is not much of a differentiation. Threat of Substitute Products The threat of substitute is low. Substitutes for the oil industry would be alternative energy such as solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity or perhaps nuclear energy.However, due to factors such as â€Å"government regulations and environmental issues, nuclear and hydroelectric energy sources are not a threat within the next. Further, photovoltaic sources are limited by technological issues and geothermal sources are limited by geographic availability† (Miller). These might be a potential threat in the future due to emerging technologies and innovation that may lead to less consumption of oil-based fuel. An example would be hybrid cars that will result in less dependency on oil services.However, this shift in a more sustainable supply chain seems to be in the long term due to certain barriers such as high costs such as investments in n ew facilities. According to Chevron, â€Å"fossil fuels will continue to have a prominent role in the world’s economy for decades to come in both transportation and electricity generation. According to the International Energy Agency, renewable energy will account for less than 20 percent of the energy mix in 2035. † They believe that there will always be a demand for their products due to growth of the global economy and alternative energy sources do not seem to be a serious threat.Another factor that shows that alternative energy is not a serious threat is the fact that there is not enough support from the government. â€Å"Even though governments throughout the world are vowing to expand to green energy, they continue to give far more subsidies to fossil fuel than renewable – 10 to 12 times more, according to recent reports† (Wood). http://www. chevron. com/documents/pdf/ChevronApproachtoAssessingClimateRegulationImpacts. pdf http://www. renewableenerg yworld. com/rea/news/article/2010/12/oil-and-renewables-slicing-up-the-subsidy-pie Bargaining Power of SuppliersWithin the global industry exist many companies but is dominated by a few major players. Due to large capital investment in these companies, they â€Å"Supplier power is high because OPEC controls 40% of world’s supply of oil and, thus, has a strong influence on the price of oil† (Miller). Inspite of its size and scope, the oil industry is one of the most powerful in the world. Large companies such as Chevron control each aspect of the supply chain such as producing, refining, and drilling. Due to capital investments, it allow for these oil companies to acquire and own each part of their supply chain.The fact that they are their own customers give them more power allowing them to be more efficient. With all the their capital assets, they are able to obtain the resources such as operating their own macturing facilities, distribution channel giving them more co ntrol in this aspect. This shows that they have a high bargaining power. Their only supplier would be the oil reserves from oil producing countries. Bargaining Power of Buyers The bargaining power of buyers (individual) is low because oil is a commodity. Despite rise in prices, people will continue to buy it in order to fulfill their needs such as driving.With the lack of substitutes for oil, it gives little power to buyers who rely heavily on this resource. The cost of switching to another energy source is too high. Therefore, there is a high demand for oil which determines the market price. Industrial buyer power is also low because their supply can be limited by upstream suppliers. (Miller) To conclude, the overall attractiveness of the oil industry is high because there is low threat of new entry as well as buyer power and threat of substitutes. Also, the fact that supplier power is high is a favorable since the few major players in the industry are both suppliers and buyers.

Social Science Essay -Housing Extended Report The WritePass Journal

Social Science Essay -Housing Extended Report Introduction Social Science Essay -Housing Extended Report due to the prevailing economic climate as well as processes involved in consultation with the residents. Meanwhile, for proper management, and based on the single parent family, this project will provide and devise a methodology to assess the impact on a defined single parent housing as far as Woodberry Down estate regeneration is of concern (Berkeley Group, 2014). Impact Assessment As far as impact assessment stages is of concern, it is so evident that owning a house as a single parent is not easy given that one has stretch budget in relation to the tough job he or she is doing that requires attention at large. Single parents as well as mothers require sacrifices to meet the aspect of home ownership. As far as the regeneration of Woodberry Down estate is of concern, the projects looks forward to initiate the best impact assessment stages that will help single parent be able to acquire home ownership.   Impact Assessment Stages a. Policies guiding single parents to achieve and own a house To start with, there will be initiation of policies that favours single parent to acquire a house in this programme. Just on the reflection challenges facing these families, and the bills that they require to meet, the function of this programme as far as   the regeneration of Woodberry Down estate is of concern, will be to necessitate low-income buyer with less limitation policies as compared to the duo families. These policies will be unveiled through community policing and the only requirement will be a small fee i.e. not exceeding  £850 as the registration fee. The programme however, looks forward to initiate the aspect of affordability and consistency in terms of ability one has to necessitate. b. Commitment However, for the programme to work well, we need to administer the aspect of commitment among the registered single parents aspiring to own a house within the initiative of Woodberry Down estate programme. It is good to note that commitment works hand in hand with effective communication and therefore leading to positive results. Concurrently, it is evident that â€Å"Commitment is dedication to a particular organisation, cause, or belief, and a willingness to get involved. People who are committed to an organization or effort truly believe that it is important, and they show up, follow through, and stick with it. The more people who are committed to your organization, the greater the momentum you can generate to get the job done.† For effective work and delivery of services, the aspect of effective communication should be taken into account (Robert, 2001: 12-17). When there is no communication for instance, between the Woodberry Down Estate management and the stakeholders i.e. single parents, the quality and delivery of services will be compromised hence undermining the programme to an extend that the morale of owning a house as a single parent in relation to the confined income may be impossible to meet. From this perception, the report will execute Lewis’s strategic module that implement effective delivery of services as far as owning a house as a single parent and Woodberry Down estate regeneration programme is taken into account. c. Equality The virtue of equality will be given a hand on every single parent aspiring to own a house as far as Woodberry Down estate and regeneration programme is taken into account. Through this virtue, the programme will incur local housing strategy that impacts all tenants as well as resident of Woodberry Down estate and this in turn will build up more affordable homes across all tenures. In addition, the aspect of equality will oversee and tackle anti-social behaviours hence increasing mobility across the housing system. The virtue of commitment requires mobilization and sustainability. To identify and change in the situation, the reports anticipate providing the re-configuration of Woodberry Down estate through community policing. â€Å"The more committed people there are the more effective they are in influencing others. If a whole group acts with determination and commitment, great numbers of people will really pay attention. People who are committed are the ones who dont take discouragement seriously and dont give up. They set an example for those who dont have the confidence or experience to go through the hard times and hold out for the rewards of success.† For this to take place, laying down good and structured communication roles among the stakeholders and single parent will be an enticing aspect. This will be through every member being acquainted with the goals of the project, vision, and period time requisition as well as satisfaction aspect. d. Initiative of repayment cycle Nevertheless, to drive a positive change, the report necessitates the deployment of 10 percent repayment cycle to the single parents unlike from other stakeholder around the country who requires 50 percent of the total money required to own a house. The introduction of day to day repayment cycle will also be the best approach as this will see single parents paying as less as  £20 per day hence initiating modern technology instrumentation to collect the debit from the single parents.   As we anticipate to positively triggering these services, it becomes clearer that there may be some very strong forces preventing substantial changes of any kind from occurring. This includes; constraints, economic challenges, strict budget, poor communication and problem from modern technological instrumentation (Beard Billett, 2010: 32-36 An analysis based on the problem facing the department was analysed by various scholars. Haven, for instance, started that the drivers for change are dominant to the resistance force. In order for us to provide good and sustainable service to the Woodberry Down Estate community, force field analysis is evitable. This compares the result from both drivers for change and against the total numbers to reduce negative impact and the challenges single parents meets hence, reducing cost and maintaining the organisation value and the fate of the single parents mothers (Kemm, 2012: 11-14). This can be done by encouraging the individuals that they should adopt new behaviours and discard the old one. It also presents the existing problem and makes people realise the need for change. It involves encouraging the individuals to look for new solutions. In addition to the above factors, unfreezing also involves eliminating the rewards for the individuals current behaviours so that they can be discouraged to use. This is useful implementation of Woodberry Down Estate regeneration based on the single parents is taken into account (OMullane, 2013: 57-62).   Research methodology The purpose of this report is to analyse and discuss possible ways that correlates with IA policies on integration of stakeholders, community, state members as well as regional levels as far as Woodberry Down Regeneration and planning is of concern. As far as the single parent and Woodberry down estate housing are of concern, this report also looks forward to devise a methodology to assess the impact on the defined single parenthood management.   The sample and survey will be directed to the single families that look forward to invest in this project through an opinion.   There is recognition of the data collection and its framework analysis for the purpose of answering the research questions and achieves targeted objectives through validation, outsourcing, collection and data analysis. The study on the basis of literature has shown that the research goals would be achieved more efficiently with the quantitative method. Whereas, the literature reviewed has revealed an objective need for numeric data that is necessary to a greater extent due to its absence, rather than non-numeric data. The quantitative method allows assessing the influence of the identified factors by the end-user, which permits the initiation and building of a consumer behaviour model. Ultimately, the variables were identified on the basis of the literature studied (O’Reilly, Truman, Redmond, Yunni, Wright, Cave Haq, 2006: 10-13). a. Research philosophy and approach The objective of this report is to develop a philosophical study. We may define it as â€Å"an over-arching term relating to the development of knowledge and the nature of that knowledge.† Due to this aspect, the report initiated the use of deductive approach to analyse the case as it stand out to be the right approach based on development of knowledge as far as over-arching perception is of concern. Based on the fact that theoretical framework has been defined, a test will be necessary to articulate the outlined theories hence; assuring the aspect of quantitative method which is one of the research methods. b. Research strategies To necessitate the aspect of research strategy, the report will adopt and make use of   Ã‚  questionnaires for the experimental actions. The survey will cut across the single parents, diverse ages and anyone aspiring to implement proper planning and housing programme. c. Data Collection Data collection is a crucial stage as far as the prevailing report is of concern as it is triggered from the research strategy that incurs survey activities.   Data collection however, will be availed during exhibition programme where visitors will be requested to give views as far as the liability of owning a house is taken into account. The report will help in acquiring data based on the visitor’s preferences as well as get acquainted to new features and product available as far as housing aspect is of concern. More so, data will be availed based on age group, occupation and level of incomes from diverse culture of Woodberry Down estate. d. Population The population of the Woodberry Down Estate is 8,758 people. According to the Central Statistical Bureau of London, 7,000 of them are aged 18 to 74(Reference GOV website). Typically, data from the leading specialised agencies that focus on the public opinions of the London residents are majorly used for surveys, with a representative sample of 1428 respondents used to make a projection of the opinion of all housing inhabitants of London. It is good to note that the â€Å"Population is the total number of objects of observation, which acquire a certain amount of characteristics, such as gender, income and age.   In order for the survey to have been carried out successfully, it was necessary to generate a sample of inhabitants who are active housing planners (Berkeley Group, 2014).† e. Sample and sample technique The correct display of the population is independent to the sample generated. The sample is a representation of the number of visitors who come to inquire about pricing and acquisition of single parent housing as far as Woodberry Down estate is of concern. This study however, will target the audience between 18-69 years old.   The sample technique will incur Questionnaire where the author is acquainted with several theories to formulate the questions. The report however, will formulate a questionnaire and present to the visitors to ascertain views on the Woodberry Down Estate programme and as far as single parent aspect is taken into account. The regeneration of the estate will avail sample technique with an initiation of five crucial parts questions within the questionnaire.   The first part of the questions will be based on data analysis directed to the consumer’s demography.   The second part will be initiated by the closed questions which bear information that will obtain factual information from the respondent.   Ã‚  The third part will execute questions based on the consumer’s age proportions as well as income probabilities. The forth part will articulates factors that influences the choice and preference of the consumer while the fifth part oversees factors and importance the consumers will assumes for effecting the programme. The analysis of this question will achieve one of the goals, which is to inves tigate the influencing factors on the choice housing the single families aspire to initiate.   The analysis of responses to the third and fourth part of the questionnaire would also achieve one of the goals of the study to explore the advantages of different types of agencies in the selection of their end-users.   All this will be articulated through consumer behaviour model. f. Pilot study To finalise the data collected through the help of sampling technique, a pilot version will be created to ascertain and correct any miscellaneous results hence providing the final data collection.  Ã‚   Single parent aspiring to acquire housing programme and within the regeneration of Woodberry Down estate programme will be the target audience within the pilot study.   Ten pilot questionnaires from the target consumers will be initiated and the feedback tabulated hence any possible adjustments will be unveiled. Any final outcomes from the final version will be executed and tabulated as the primary survey outcomes. g. Sample type and sampling error Probability and the non-probability are the two substantial sample types that the report anticipates to execute to eliminate sampling error. It is critical to note that random sampling technique necessitate this study and it is one of the probability sampling types of sampling technique. This sample type assumes homogeneity of the population, which indicates an equal probability of the availability of all elements. Moreover, margin error also known as sampling error indicates a deviation of the results obtained by using the probability sample survey data from the population. There are two kinds of sampling errors i.e. statistical and systematic. In this case, the statistical error was used due to the fact that there was an absence of factors that could seriously affect the study. Consequently, the systematic error depends on the sample size. The larger the sample size, therefore the less is the error. Accordingly, for a simple random sample of 95% the probability level would be 5 per cent. However, for a specific population of this study, which is 8,758, the sample size should be from 22 to 25. h. Fieldwork results This is another crucial part that will incur the use of the personal survey collection. There will be print out of questionnaires that will be spread out by individuals to the respondent as well as participants. Fieldwork results will be monitored closely to ensure that the aspect of reliability based on the survey is taken into account. i. Data analysis To execute data analysis, the report will employ quantitative data analysis technique. The processed data will be tabulated on a matrix table in conformation to the outlaid final questionnaires results. The data will therefore be recorded using numerical codes.   The processed information will be analysed and tabulated inform of graphs as well as trends. Conclusion As far as impact assessment stages is of concern, it is so evident that owning a house as a single parent is not easy given that one has stretch budget in relation to the tough job he or she is doing that requires attention at large. Single parents as well as mothers require sacrifices to meet the aspect of home ownership. The purpose of this report was to analyse and discuss possible ways that correlates with IA policies on integration of stakeholders, community, state members as well as regional levels as far as Woodberry Down Regeneration is of concern based on the health care issue. As far as single parent and Woodberry down estate housing are of concern, this extended report will devise a methodology to assess the impact on a defined population or community of this area. The findings necessitate that the result from both drivers for change and against the total numbers to reduce negative impact and the challenges single parents meets hence, reducing cost and maintaining the orga nisation value and the fate of the single parent’s mothers.   Bibliography Berkeley Group (2014) Living at Woodberry Down. [Online] Available from: berkeleygroup.co.uk/media/pdf/2/4/Woodberry_Down_Social_Sustainability study.pdf  Ã‚   [Accessed 2nd November 2014]. Beard, C. Billett, A.   (2010) Health Impact Assessment: Passionate about health. Guidance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2nd Edition, available from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   gateshead.gov.uk/DocumentLibrary/Care/strategies/SOTWHIAGuidelines12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   012010v7final.pdf Hackney Council. (2014) Woodberry Down Regeneration. [Online] Available from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   hackney.gov.uk/woodberry-down.htm#.VGs0J_msWSo  Ã‚  [Accessed 4th November 2014]. Kemm, J. (2012) Health Impact Assessment: Past Achievement, Current Understanding, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Future Progress. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Kemm, J., Parry. J. Palmer, S. (2005). Health Impact Assessment: Concepts, Theory,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Techniques And Applications. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. OMullane, M (2013) Integrating Health Impact Assessment With The Policy Process:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lessons And Experiences From Around The World. Washington DC: CRC Press. O’Reilly, J., Truman, P., Redmond, S., Yunni, Y., Wright, D., Cave, B. Haq, G. (2006). Cost    Benefit Analysis of Health Impact Assessment. Department of Health York Health   Ã‚   Economics Consortium. Robert, M. (2001), Understanding social problems, Great Britain T.J. International Ltd.,    Padstow, Cornwall, Massachusetts, USA, Blackwell. Locallabourhire.co.UK     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Accessed: 13th November 2014]. Woodberry Down Clinical Commissioning Group. (August 2013). Joint Strategic Needs   Ã‚   Assessment for Woodberry Down.   Woodberry Down Health and Wellbeing Board. Retrieved from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   woodberrydownsccg.nhs.uk/Get_Involved/Twoodberry%20woodberry%20he  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   althimpact%20Health%20Joint%20Strategic%20Needs%20Assessment%20Part%20One  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   %20%20Population%20Needs.pdf [Accessed: 10th November 2014].

Euphemism and Euphuism

Euphemism and Euphuism Euphemism and Euphuism Euphemism and Euphuism By Maeve Maddox Political correctness is nothing new. People have desired to avoid calling a spade a spade since ancient times. People dont die, they pass away. Politicians dont commit crimes, they make mistakes. Married men dont commit adultery, they cheat. People dont fart, they pass wind. The word for this substitution of a less offensive word or phrase for a more specific or unpleasant one is euphemism. The word is from Greek euphemizein speak with fair words. The concept stemmed from the belief that the gods listened to human conversations and could be easily offended. People were careful not to boast of their wealth or accomplishments, so as not to prompt some god to reverse their fortunes as punishment. The maiden Arachne, for example, learned to her cost what came of boasting. For claiming that she was a more skillful weaver than the goddess Athena, Arachne was transformed into a spider. (To this day spiders bear her name.) The more horrific the deity, the more necessary it was for mortals to speak nicely about them. The Erinyes, female personifications of vengeance, were really gruesome. Like the Gorgon, they had snakes on their heads. Drops of blood oozed from their eyes. They flew after oath-breakers on the wings of bats. Watch the film Jason and the Argonauts to see the Furies in action. In order to stroke their egos, ancient Greeks referred to them as the Eumenides, the Kindly Ones. Modern mortals use euphemisms to avoid offending (or frightening, or informing) other people. The opposite of euphemism is dysphemism, an intentionally harsh word intended to shock or offend. The Coen brothers go a little overboard with the F word in The Big Lebowski. Euphuism is a term that describes a flowery, affected type of writing. Euphues is Greek for graceful, witty. Sixteenth century English author John Lyly wrote a book called Euphues: The Anatomy of Wyt (1578). The main character is a fashionable young man named Euphues. The style in which the book is written is full of convoluted sentences, euphemisms, rhetorical questions, alliteration, and references to classical literature. (In the 16th century educated people were assumed to be familiar with Greek and Latin literature.) Heres an example of Lylys euphuistic style. For the fun of seeing how English has changed since the 16th century, Ill give you both the original and a modernization. It happened thys young Impe to ariue at Naples (a place of more pleasure then profite, and yet of more profite then pietie) the very walles and windowes whereof shewed it rather to bà ©e the Tabernacle of Venus, then the Temple of Vesta. There was all things necessary and in redinesse that myght eyther allure the minde to luste, or entice the hearte to follye, a courte more mà ©ete for an Atheyst, then for one of Athens, for Ouid than for Aristotle, for a gracelesse louer then for a godly lyuer: more fitter for Paris than Hector, and mà ©eter for Flora then Diana. Modernization: It happened that this young playboy arrived at Naples (a place of more pleasure than educational value, and yet of more value than piety) the very walls and windows of the place showed it rather to be the place to occupy oneself in matters of sex than in those of chastity. In this place were to be found all things necessary and in readiness that might either tempt the mind to lust, or entice the heart to folly, a court more suitable for an atheist, than for a pious person, for Ovid [who wrote about love] than for Aristotle [who wrote about intellectual matters], for a promiscuous person than for someone who lives a godly life: more appropriate for Paris (he stole another mans wife] than Hector, [faithful husband of a faithful wife] and more suitable for Flora [goddess of the Spring and, presumably in Lylys mind, associated with mating] than Diana [virgin goddess]. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About TalkingThe Six Spellings of "Long E"5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation

Neurotransmitters and Their Relation to Intelligence Essay

Neurotransmitters and Their Relation to Intelligence - Essay Example Wechsler (1944) sets the more widely accepted definition, as he describes intelligence as "the aggregate or global capacity of an individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment". From a neurological perspective, the anatomical localization of the neurological processes that give rise to intelligence is generally considered to be the Wernicke's area, located in the superior temporal gyrus, an area of the brain not only related to language and speech, but also to logical and abstract thought. This was determined by research done on patients that have lost their higher intellectual functions when their Wernicke's area. Guyton claims that the prefrontal association area is also associated with intelligence, but not to a great extent. Neurotransmitters in essence represent chemical messengers of the neural circuits and pathways, and in combination with the synapses, represent the physiological method of communication between neurons. In the synapses, the neurotransmitter is released from a pre-synaptic neuron and bonds with receptors on the post-synaptic neuron. It should be noted that there are many types of neurotransmitters, each found in specific areas of the nervous system and therefore, each has a specific action.