Peer Editing for Essay Writing

Peer Editing for Essay Writing The aim of this study was to find out whether the use through Wikispaces helps to correct errors made in essay writing by Form Four students of a Smart School in Kinta district, Perak. This final chapter provides a summary of this research study. It is divided into four parts: conclusions, implications, limitations and recommendations for both practice and further research based on the findings discussed in Chapter 4. Conclusions The following conclusions are based on the three research questions of the study. Each question and its associated conclusions will be discussed. Research Question 1- What are the errors that L2 students frequently edit in essay writing? This study has found that grammar is the most frequently edited language aspect in essay writing by the L2 students. Even though, weekly coding sheets and frequency analysis showed different outcomes for DE1 and DE2, Table 4.1 proved that grammar is still considered as the frequently edited language aspect with a total of 307 (37.4%) errors. This is in line with similar findings of several previous studies as mentioned in the literature review (Maros et.al, 2007; Muhari, 2008; Nor Hashimah et. al., 2008; Darus and Subramaniam, 2009; Darus and Khor, 2009; Wee, 2009). The interview transcripts revealed that the students concentrated more on grammar compared to other language aspects since grammar is indisputably an essential element of second language writing (Frodesen Christine, 2003). Furthermore, field notes illustrated that the students in this study seem to learn new knowledge of the five language aspects, and they did not repeat the same mistakes in following essay writing. In fact, the students realization of being critical for other language aspects besides grammar came into an act after gradual practice of peer editing through Wikispaces. Conversely, sentence structure is reported as the hardly used language aspect by the students in the DE1 and DE2. Research Question 2-How does the use of peer editing through Wikispaces help in correcting L2 students writing? The findings of this study suggested that in general peer editing through Wikispaces could help to reduce errors in L2 students writing. The primary findings from the students essays reported that the students were able to correct most of the errors quite well through online collaborative activity. The language errors identified could be used as a guideline for L2 students to equip themselves with the adequate knowledge and skills in writing essays. They would be benefited the most if they were able to comprehend the conventions and features of this specific context. However, as for the unidentified errors by students, the teacher plays the critical role in emphasizing them in the classroom. The teacher should clearly explain the rules and give a lot of examples as well as provide ample of opportunity to the students to use, produce and practice on their own. This can be done by getting them involved in various immersion activities in class and outside the classroom. It will eventually help the learners to be more aware of the particular language aspects in their essays. Besides that, there were also tendencies for students to correct errors wrongly when editing others work. This situation could be overcome through consistent practice of peer editing. Both questionnaire and feedback forms revealed more positive impressions of the students towards the usefulness of peer editing through Wikispaces in correcting L2 students writing. Additionally, several characteristics and strengths of Wikispaces also supported the peer editing activity. In short, peer editing through Wikispaces is seen as a valuable learning process which can foster independent learning. Research Question 3-How do L2 students respond to the feedback provided by their peers through Wikispaces? Based on the analysis of interview transcripts, it can be concluded that majority of the students showed mixed responses when receiving and giving comments on Wikispaces. But overall, the students were satisfied with the kind of comments given by their group members due to several good reasons: comments given were useful, helped them to increase knowledge, correct mistakes in essays. Apart from that, a number of usefulness of the comments and benefits from peer editing and giving comments to others were also pointed out with reference to the selected descriptions taken from the interview transcripts. In a nutshell, the findings have led the researcher to conclude that the use of peer editing through Wikispaces is an effective alternative way in correcting errors in students essay writing. Implications The implications of this study can be best explained by three aspects, namely (i) pedagogy, (ii) social, and (iii) technology. These are elaborated in the paragraphs below. Pedagogical Implications Students The use of peer editing through Wikispaces has the potential to uphold various pedagogical approaches such as case based learning, collaborative pedagogy strategy-knowledge co-construction activities.Students This technique which serves as an accessible alternative way of error correction also supports the designed learning activities that are to perform in any group dynamics. Hence, this allows the students to share, negotiate and co-construct information on error correction in their writing. The peers can even provide suggestions and advices through discussion tab. In other words, the platform itself is considered as an appropriate space for students whereby they can take ownership of their own pages in groups. Nevertheless, peer editing through Wikispaces helps to promote learning in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). At this point, students enjoy working in groups. They learn more by working in groups rather than they work by themselves. Through the correspondence and collaboration among the group members, the students do stand a chance to discover and learn about the grammatical rules from their peers. Both correct and incorrect versions act as a guide to the students on what is right and what is wrong. In the initial stage, they may make miscategorise the errors, but it will be better after consistent practice. Teachers The students English proficiency is different in a class, which can be perceived through various errors students have made in their essays. In an ESL teaching context where the classroom population is becoming larger and larger, its a good channel for a teacher to know his or her students learning through the errors or mistakes they make. So teachers should make record of these errors and analyze them to find the possible causes of them, and then decide on the proper way to enable students to learn from the errors. In this study, one can see that its common for students to make the so-called mistakes, and that through peer editing activity such mistakes can be corrected generally, which can not only improve the students language proficiency, but also promote their sense of perfecting the language in writing. The teacher plays the role of moderator and facilitator. Wikispaces features enable the teacher to track and monitor students development process (history logs). It helps to keep systematic records of daily reflections, announcements, due dates and attendance. Text-editor: Teacher posting of instructions and other resources (multiple modes) by teachers a platform for students to rationalize and explain their actions (decisions) in the course of their activities Comment feature-allows the teacher to provide feedback when necessary: errors wrongly corrected and errors which are not identified. In addition, it also promotes collaborative learning. Social Implications Peer editing through Wikispaces supports a variety of interactions and their dynamics: peer-peer, student-teacher. Students can publish their thoughts and obtain feedback from the others at any time. They do not have to depend much on the teacher. Students can turn to others for help when they encounter problems through asynchronous communication: group discussions and personal messages. It is a safe and comfortable learning environment for students to work within. Students are able to draft and modify postings before and after publishing. This will likely give them time to think, amend and improve on the postings suitable to their audiences or for other specific purposes. Additionally, Wikispaces utilities support group work as well as foster group dynamics cohesiveness. Technological Implications The peer editing activity through Wikispaces is a web-based application. Thus, it can be conveniently accessible all time (as long as there is Internet connection). Students could easily learn and use as it does not require any high technical skills to set up the account. Particularly, the text editor toolbar is similar to that of Microsoft Word. This may then serve as an advantage for those students who are computer literate. Limitations of the Study A number of limitations were present in the research. These limitations need to be noted and considered in relation to the research procedures and research findings. Basically, there are three limitations: time constraints, small sample size and limited capacity of doing peer editing on Wikispaces. Firstly, this research was actually scheduled for eight weeks of data collection. But somehow, the data collection procedures which have been planned earlier could not be carried out due to the school holidays. As a result, the researcher has to shorten the duration to five weeks after negotiating with the administrators of the school. In fact, the researcher decided to spend more time then what has been scheduled in order to give the students more guidance and pace to do their peer editing in the computer lab. Although the latter data collection went on well, but still it would have been better if more time with were provided for the research procedures. Secondly, the findings are achieved based on the small sample size, covering only one Smart School located in Kinta district, Perak. There are still many Smart Schools located all over Perak and other states. Besides that, there are also many National schools with similar facilities and criterion participants. Therefore, the researcher suggests carrying out further studies on this topic involving other Smart Schools and National Schools in Malaysia. Thirdly, students were found having some difficulties while doing the peer editing on the same page at one time. It seemed that clashes and overlapping disrupted the students attention while editing. In this situation, it is vital for the teacher to plan the design of the Wikispaces properly at the initial stage as Wikispaces comes with a blank space. The teacher may group up the students but necessarily assign each student with their own page. This solution will definitely reduce the probability of future clashing during the peer editing sessions. Recommendations From the conclusions, the present study proves that the use of peer editing through Wikispaces gives positive implications for the teacher (the researcher) and the students. Therefore, this action which serves as an alternative way in correcting students errors in writing should be implied in secondary schools. However, several recommendations for practice and thereafter for future research are discussed below. Recommendations for Practice As for recommendations, the use of peer editing through Wikispaces should be exposed to teachers in schools. Certainly, there are teachers who are not aware of the benefits of peer editing and giving comments to others in terms of the students essay writing. Furthermore, some are busy with their daily work. They do not have enough time to spend on trying out this kind of technique with their students. Perhaps, as for the start, it is recommended that may be the head panels should be given the training, and later an in-house training can be given to rest of the teachers. Other than that, the use of peer editing through Wikispaces is a suitable learning technique that helps and leads the learners to be independent learners. Nowadays, most the students are no longer the quiet and passive ones in the classroom. Students prefer something new, challenging and suit their interest as well. Teachers impart knowledge to the students. Then, students will themselves discover the knowledge on their own and apply them into other matters. Recommendations for Future Research In the light of the limitations with regard to the findings available to the researcher, it is recommended that further research related to error correction is needed. It would be interesting to find out the A profound study involving each type of would provide further information on the pattern of in a specific context. The information derived from the findings on language errors was insufficient for making any generalization. In terms of the itself, much work needs to be done to uncover some knowledge on the .With all these studies, hopefully all the underlying can be overturned and bring benefits to all. Summary This chapter has presented the conclusions, implications, limitations and recommendations for both practice and further research based on the findings discussed in the previous chapter. The conclusions have shown that the use of peer editing through Wikispaces has a great impact in correcting errors in the L2 students essay writing. This alternative way has proven to be an effective technique and the students involvement in the peer editing was thus enhanced. Students could correct most of the errors quite well through online collaborative activity. Furthermore, most of the findings obtained were fared positively. These outcomes show that the use peer editing through Wikispaces should be employed in teaching and learning of writing. This study has further implied in three aspects: pedagogy, social and technology. Last but not least, limitations of the research were highlighted and recommendations for both practice and future research were suggested.

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Forty

Damon was moving fast, and Elena and the others had to almost race to keep up with him as they headed for the library. â€Å"Typical Stefan, sacrificing himself,† he muttered angrily. â€Å"He could have asked for help when he realized something was going on.† He stopped for a second to let the others catch up and glared at them al . â€Å"If Stefan can't handle a few newly made vampires by himself, I'm ashamed of him,† he said. â€Å"Maybe we should just leave him after al . Survival of the fittest.† Elena touched his hand lightly, and, after a moment, Damon hurried on toward the library. She didn't for an instant believe he would leave Stefan a captive. None of them did. The taut, strained lines of his face showed that Damon was entirely focused on the danger his brother was in, their rivalry temporarily forgotten. â€Å"It's not just a few vampires,† Matt said. â€Å"There are about twenty-five of them. I'm sorry, you guys, I've been a moron.† He swung the stave Meredith had given him – Samantha's stave – determinedly in one hand. â€Å"It's not your fault,† Bonnie said. â€Å"You couldn't have known your frat – or whatever – was evil, could you?† If anyone had spotted them as they crossed the campus, Elena was sure they would have been an alarming sight: she and Bonnie were clutching the large, sharp hunting knives Meredith had given them only half concealed under their jackets. Matt was holding the stave, and Meredith had her own stave in one hand. But it was past midnight, and the path they were fol owing was deserted. Only Damon wasn't carrying a weapon, and he clearly was a weapon. His human fa?ade seemed to have lifted, and his angry expression could have been carved out of stone, except for the glimpse of sharp white teeth between his lips and the seemingly bottomless darkness of his eyes. When they reached the closed library, Damon didn't pause, forcing its metal doors open with the grinding sound of splitting metal. Elena glanced around nervously. The last thing they needed was campus security showing up. But the paths near the library were dark and empty. They al fol owed Damon down to the basement and into the hal ways of administrative offices. Final y, he stopped outside the door marked Research Office where he and Elena had once met Matt. â€Å"This is the entrance?† he asked Matt and, at his nod, efficiently broke the lock on the door. â€Å"You're al staying up here. Just Meredith and I are going down.† He looked at Meredith. â€Å"Want to kil some vampires, hunter? Let's fulfil your destiny, shal we?† Meredith slashed her stave in the air, and a slow smile tugged at the corners of her mouth. â€Å"I'm ready,† she said at last. â€Å"I'm coming, too,† Elena said, keeping her voice steady. â€Å"I'm not waiting up here while Stefan's in danger.† Damon drew a breath, and she thought he was going to argue with her, but instead he sighed. â€Å"Al right, princess,† he said, his voice gentler than it had been since Matt told them what had happened to Stefan. â€Å"But you do what I – or Meredith – tel you.† â€Å"I'm not waiting up here,† Matt said stubbornly. â€Å"This is my fault.† Damon turned on him, his mouth twisting into a sneer. â€Å"Yes, it is your fault. And you told us Ethan can control you. I don't want to get your knife in my back while we're fighting your enemies.† Matt dropped his head, defeated. â€Å"Okay,† he said. â€Å"Go down two flights of stairs, and you'l see the doors to the room they're in.† Damon nodded sharply and pul ed up the trapdoor. Meredith fol owed him down the stairs, but Matt caught Elena's arm as she headed after them. â€Å"Please,† he said quickly. â€Å"If any of the pledges stil seem rational, even if they're vampires, try to get them out. Maybe we can help them. My friend Chloe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the grim lines of his face, his pale blue eyes were frightened. â€Å"I'l try,† Elena said, and squeezed his hand. She exchanged a glance with Bonnie, then fol owed Meredith through the trapdoor. When they reached the entrance to the Vitale Society's chamber, Meredith and Damon pressed their backs against the elaborately carved wooden doors. Watching, Elena could see a similarity for the first time between them. Now that they were facing a battle, Meredith and Damon were both wearing eager smiles. One †¦ two †¦ came Damon's silent count †¦ three. They pushed together. The double doors flew inward, and the chains that had held them closed went flying. Damon stalked in, stil smiling a vicious gleaming smile, Meredith erect and alert behind him, her stave poised. Dark figures rushed at them, but Elena was looking past them, searching for Stefan. Then her eyes found him, and al the breath rushed out of her. He was hurt. Tied firmly to a chair, he raised a pale face to greet her, his leaf-green eyes agonized. From his arm, dark red blood dripped steadily, pooling on the floor beneath his chair. Elena went a little mad. Charging across the room toward Stefan, she was only half aware of one of the hooded figures leaping at her, and of Damon catching it in midstride, casual y snapping its neck and letting the body fal to the floor. Absently, she registered the smack of wood against flesh as Meredith caught another attacker with her stave so that it fel in convulsions as the concentrated essence of vervain from the stave's spikes hit its bloodstream. And then she was crouching next to Stefan, and, for a moment at least, nothing else mattered. He was shaking slightly, just the faintest tremors, and she stroked his hand, careful of the wound on his forearm. Raised red ridges ran around his wrists below the rope, spots of blood on their surface. â€Å"Vervain on the ropes,† he muttered. â€Å"I'm okay, just hurry.† And then, â€Å"Elena?† Below the pain in his voice, a dawning note of joy. She hoped he could read al the love she felt in her eyes as she met his gaze. â€Å"I'm here, Stefan. I'm so sorry.† She took out the knife Meredith had given her and began to saw at the ropes that held him, careful not to cut him, trying not to pul the ropes any tighter. He winced in pain, and then the ropes around his wrists snapped. â€Å"Your poor arm,† she said, and felt in her pockets for something to staunch the blood, final y just pul ing off her jacket and holding it against the cut. Stefan took the jacket from her. â€Å"You'l have to cut through the rest of the ropes, too,† he said, his voice strained. â€Å"I can't touch them because of the vervain.† She nodded and went to work on the ropes holding his legs. â€Å"I love you,† she told him, concentrating on her work, not looking up. â€Å"I love you so much. I hurt you, and I never wanted to. Never, Stefan. Please believe me.† She finished cutting through the ropes around his knee s and ankles and chanced a glance up at Stefan's face. Tears, she realized, were running down her own face, and she wiped them away. The thud of another body hitting the floor and a screech of rage came from behind them. But Stefan's eyes held hers unwaveringly. â€Å"Elena, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he sighed. â€Å"I love you more than anything in the world,† he said simply. â€Å"You know that. No conditions.† She took a long, shuddering breath and wiped the tears away again. She had to be able to see, had to keep her hands from shaking. The ropes around his torso were looped and twisted together. She pul ed at them, finding where there was enough give to start cutting, and Stefan hissed in pain. â€Å"Sorry, sorry,† she said hurriedly, and began to slice through the rope as rapidly as she dared. â€Å"Stefan,† she began again, â€Å"the kiss with Damon – Well, I can't lie and say I don't feel anything for him – but the kiss wasn't anything I'd planned on. I didn't even mean to be with him that night, it just happened. And when you saw us, that kiss, he'd just saved my life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She was stumbling over her words now, and she let them trail off. â€Å"I don't have any real excuses, Stefan,† she said flatly. â€Å"I just want you to forgive me. I don't think I can live without you.† The last of the ropes parted, and she eased them from around him before she looked up, frightened and hopeful. Stefan was gazing at her, his sculpted lips turning up in a half smile. â€Å"Elena,† he said and pul ed her to him in a brief, tender kiss. Then he pushed her to the wal . â€Å"Stay out of this, please,† he said, and limped toward the fight, stil weak from the vervain, but reaching to pul a vampire away from Meredith and sinking his own fangs into its neck. Not that she needed his help. Meredith was amazing. When had she gotten so good? Elena had seen her fight before, of course, and she'd been strong and quick, but now the tal girl was as graceful as a dancer and as deadly as an assassin. She was fighting three vampires, who circled her angrily. Spinning and kicking, moving almost as fast as the monsters she was fighting, despite the fact that their speed was supernatural, she knocked one off his feet, sending him flying, and, in a smooth fol ow-up blow, bashed another in the face, leaving the vampire staggering backward with his hands up, half blinded. There were bodies littered across the floor, evidence of Meredith's skil and Damon's vicious rage. As Elena watched, Stefan tossed down the drained body of the vampire he had been fighting and looked around. Only Ethan and the three vampires surrounding Meredith remained on their feet. Damon had Ethan on the run, backing nervously away as Damon stalked toward him, peppering him with sharp open-handed blows. â€Å"†¦ my brother,† she heard Damon muttering. â€Å"Insolent pup. You think you know anything, child, you think you want power?† With a sudden, violent movement, he grabbed Ethan's arm and jerked. Elena could hear the bone snap. Stefan passed Elena, heading toward Meredith again, and paused for a moment. â€Å"Ethan was laying a trap for Damon,† he told her dryly. â€Å"I don't know why I was worried. Clearly, he didn't know what he was trying to catch.† Elena nodded again, suppressing a grin. The idea of any brand-new vampire getting the better of Damon, with al his experience and cunning, seemed ridiculous. Then the tide of the battle suddenly turned. One of the vampires Meredith was fighting dodged her blow and, half bent over, flung itself at her, knocking the slender girl into the air. There was an endless moment where Meredith looked like she was flying, arms akimbo, and then she slammed headfirst into the heavy altarlike table at the front of the room. The table wobbled and fel over with a heavy thud. Meredith lay stil , her eyes closed, unconscious. Elena ran to her and knelt down, cradling her head in her lap. The three vampires Meredith had been fighting were worse for the wear. One had blood steadily streaming down his face, another was limping, and the last was doubled over as if something had been injured inside her, but they could stil move fast. In an instant, they had surrounded Stefan. As Damon growled and turned, shifting his stance to help his brother, Ethan saw his chance and launched himself at Damon. Faster than Elena's eye could fol ow, his teeth were gouging at Damon's throat, bright spurts of blood flying up. He had a knife in one hand and was trying to cut at Damon at the same time as he bit. With a cry of pain and shock, Damon clawed at Ethan, trying to fling him away. Elena picked up her knife again and rushed toward them. But two of the remaining vampires were on Damon in a split second, pul ing his arms back. One caught Damon's midnight dark hair in his hand, yanking the older vampire's head back to expose his throat more ful y to Ethan's teeth. Off balance, Damon staggered backward and for a moment caught Elena's eye, his face soft with dismay. Terrified, Elena grabbed at the back of one of the vampires, and it threw her to the floor without even looking at her. Stefan, meanwhile, was caught in a struggle with another vampire, desperate to get to his brother. Damon was a better and a more experienced warrior than any of the vampires attacking him. But if they pushed their momentary advantage, used their superior numbers, they might bring him down before he could recover. She clutched her knife tighter and jumped to her feet again, knowing in her heart that she'd be too late to save him but that she needed to try. A snarling blur shot past her, and Stefan, free of his adversary, slammed into Ethan, throwing him across the room, sending his knife flying. Without pausing, he ripped one of the other vampires from Damon's arm and snapped his neck. By the time the body hit the floor, Damon had neatly dispatched the other one. The brothers, both panting, exchanged a long look that seemed to carry a lot of unspoken communication. Damon wiped a smear of crimson blood from his mouth with the back of his hand. Suddenly an arm was around Elena's throat, and the knife was wrenched out of her hand. She was being dragged upward. Something sharp was poking her in the tender hol ow at the bottom of her neck. â€Å"I can kil her before you could even get over here,† Ethan's voice said, too loud by her ear. Elena flailed an arm backward, trying to grab at his hair or face, and he kicked viciously at her legs, knocking her off-balance, and pul ed her closer. â€Å"I could snap her neck with one arm. I could stab her with her own knife and let her bleed out. It would be fun.† He was holding her knife, Elena realized, pressed against her throat. His other arm hung loose, and curiously bent. Damon had broken it, Elena remembered. Stefan and Damon froze and then very slowly turned toward Elena and Ethan, both their faces shuttered and wary. Then Damon's broke into a rictus of rage. â€Å"Let her go,† he snarled. â€Å"We'd kil you the second she hit the ground.† Ethan laughed, a remarkably genuine laugh for someone in a life-or-death standoff. â€Å"She'l stil be dead, though, so I think it might be worth it. You're not planning to let me leave here anyway, are you?† He turned to Stefan, his voice mocking. â€Å"You know, I heard all about the Salvatore brothers from some of Klaus's other descendants. They said you were aristocratic and beautiful and terribly hot tempered. That Stefan was moral, and that Damon was remorseless. But they also said that you were both fools for love, always for love. It's your fatal flaw. So, yeah, I think my chances are a lot better when I've got your girlfriend in my power. Whose girlfriend is she, actual y? I can't tel .† Elena flinched. â€Å"Wait a second, Ethan.† Stefan held out his hands placatingly. â€Å"Hold on. If you agree not to bring back Klaus and let Elena go safely, we'l give you whatever you want. Get out of town, and we won't come after you. You'l be safe. If you know about us, you know we'l keep our word.† Behind him, Damon nodded reluctantly, his eyes on Elena's face. Ethan laughed again. â€Å"I don't think you have anything I want anymore, Stefan,† he said. â€Å"The rest of the Vitale Society, including our newest initiates, wil be coming back soon, and I think they'l tip the scales back in my favor.† He tightened his arm around Elena's throat. â€Å"We've kil ed so many students on this campus. Surely one more won't be missed.† Damon hissed in rage and started forward, but Ethan cal ed out, â€Å"Stop right there, or – â€Å" Suddenly, he jerked, and Elena felt a sharp, stinging pain in her throat. She squeaked in horror and grabbed at her own neck. But it was only a scratch from the knife. As Stefan and Damon stood helpless and furious, Ethan's arm loosened from around her throat. He made a hideous gurgling noise. Elena yanked away as soon as his grip weakened. Blood was running in long thick rivulets from Ethan's torso, and his mouth opened in shock as he clutched at himself and slowly fel forward, a round hole in his chest fil ing with blood. Behind him, Meredith stood, hair flying, her usual y cool gray eyes burning like dark coals in her face. Her stave was coated in Ethan's blood. â€Å"I got him in the heart,† she said, her voice fierce. â€Å"Thank you,† Elena murmured politely. She was feeling†¦ real y †¦ very peculiar, and it wasn't until she was actual y starting to fal that she thought, Oh no, I think I'm going to faint. Blurrily, she saw both Damon and Stefan rushing forward to catch her, and when she came to a moment later, she was held tightly in two pairs of arms. â€Å"I'm okay,† she said. â€Å"It was just †¦ for a second, I was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She felt one pair of arms pul her closer for a moment, and then they released her, shifting her weight over to the other set. When she looked up, Stefan was clutching her tightly to him. Damon stood a few feet away, his face unreadable. â€Å"I knew you'd come to save me,† Stefan said, holding Elena but looking at Damon. Damon's lips twitched into a tiny, reluctant smile. â€Å"Of course I did, you idiot,† he said gruffly. â€Å"I'm your brother.† They looked at each other for a long moment, and then Damon's eyes flicked to Elena, stil in Stefan's arms, and away. â€Å"Let's put out the torches and go,† he said briskly. â€Å"We've stil got about fourteen vampires to find.†

Ideas for Term Papers at a Glance

Ideas for Term Papers at a Glance New Questions About Ideas for Term Papers List down or earn a cloud of all of the thoughts, thoughts and opinions you would love to appear in your term paper. Actually, there is absolutely no reason for such negative emotions. There is an assortment of ways which we may change negative perceptions. If one individual is asking, then there are most likely a lot more people that are wondering exactly the same thing. Most Noticeable Ideas for Term Papers You might not notice your similarity together with the huge difference of a pair of pages should you not compare their key terms. You may actually see whether your file is the specific same as the principal document along with duplicated throughout content. It is important to use the sources of information which relate to the title of narrative papers. There are lots of paper templates to select from, but the majority of the time your instructor will require a particular format for the entire c lass to follow. The Debate Over Ideas for Term Papers The key parts should incorporate an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. A superb way to begin is by making a compelling and creative title. It's therefore required to do research to be able to identify and select the most dependable article critique writing company. Should you need expert writing help, don't hesitate to visit EssayPro.com. A term paper carries a whole lot of weight in it when it has to do with your final year benefits. Term papers writing are actually a way to learn about a specific subject better by working on its precise wing. Whenever writing a personalized term paper, student gets to locate a way to perform research in the best manner. Many students discover that writing down bibliographic info on the card of every quotes or fact saves a terrific deal of time when it has to do with writing the reference page into deciding their sources. The Battle Over Ideas for Term Papers and How to Win It In structors usually provide topics associated with your program. The majority of the students complain they don't find books of diverse varieties. There are a few specific means that could assist you in finding the correct topics and you need to follow them. Whenever you have researched on a specific topic, you're expected to use a particular citation style. If your topic is too broad, you won't have the ability to focus your paper since there is simply too much info to cover. Select the subject in which you're sincerely and truly interested. Business letters ought to be understandable, be in a position to communicate precisely what has to be done, or state communication in a really clear method. Internet may be great selection for research as it has the informative content from all over the world. Research enables one to pick a company which can offer quality narrative papers at a reasonable price. Whispered Ideas for Term Papers Secrets Apparently, you would have to incorporate the factors for your writing. You ought to take notes and write down quotes that you could use as evidence. No one could possibly know if we've written any essay for you. Never attempt to have anybody else's comment or you are going to be accused of plagiarism. It is necessary to write article critiques from scratch as a way to boost originality. You should naturally know that the very first reader is the writer. The option of your professor needs to be respected and it is wise to assert it. It's recommendable to compose narrative papers from scratch as a way to boost originality and creativity. Want to Know More About Ideas for Term Papers? In fact, most topics for research papers are much too big for a couple pages. Observing the line of economy problems, students decide to cover the financial theory one. Choice of research topic is a fundamental part of research file, thesis or dissertation. Obviously, selecting a research topic is simply the startwriting a thriving research paper is not simple. In the majority of cases, all you have to begin a superb research paper is an intriguing research paper topic. You will be supplied with a comprehensive study on the exact same. Begin with their preparation before time if you're able to, because research might be a more time consuming task than you anticipated. Conduct a focused research rather than a generic one.

Assessing A Career In Business Project Management. Project

Assessing a Career in Business: Project Management Project management is the discipline of using policies and procedures to manage a project from creation to competition. The intent of this paper is to assess the role of a project manager and determine if I am well suited for a career in project management. To achieve this goal, I will be discussing the following areas: job description, general career path, education requirements, salary, career outlook, and the pros and cons. I will also be interviewing a colleague that currently working as a project manager to gain a better understanding of typical duties associated with the role. Job Description Project management is the process of applying knowledge and skills to achieve a project†¦show more content†¦Project management provides a strong foundation for developing the attributes needed to pursue high-level leadership roles, analytical positions, and many other areas within the business environment. Education The majority of project management positions require a bachelor’s degree in a business management related field, as well as a professional certification and management experience. Many project manager professionals elect to obtain a master’s degree or advanced postgraduate certification in project management, analytics, or business management. The Project Management Professional (PMP) Certification is the most recognized certificate for project managers. According to the Project Management Institute, â€Å"As a PMP, you can work in virtually any industry, with any methodology and in any location, and earn on average 20% more than without a PMP.† (pmi.org) Education is highly valued in project management; however, important skills such as, good communication and the ability to execute are developed with experience. Average Salary The average salary for project management largely depends on experience, industry, and location. The average range in Utah is $65,000-$145,000. According to theShow MoreRelatedWork Experience Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesadopting a business-outcome-driven EA approach that strategically embraces emerging technologies. In consistently navigating successful engagements, demonstrated the following core competencies: †¢ Accountability – In clearly defining realistic expectations, taking appropriate actions to ensure goals are met or exceeded. †¢ Adaptability – In responding to consistently changing situations during engagements, adjusting approach and iteratively modifying standards as required. †¢ Business Acumen – InRead MoreStakeholder Analysis1018 Words   |  5 Pagesstakeholders will be reviewed according to their interests in City Harvest Church. Issues like benefits of the project to the stakeholders or activities that might cause damage or conflict to the stakeholders will be included. Each stakeholder will be listed in one column. Individual stakeholder’s interest will be reviewed on its importance to the success of the project. To ensure the project flows smoothly, considerations on things to get stakeholder support and reduce opposition will be reviewed.Read MoreManaging Capital Projects For A High Risk World1311 Words   |  6 Pagesis Managing Capital Projects in a High-Risk World. In summary, the article discusses the importance of capital project risk management when it comes to organizations. When it comes to capital projects, there are many things that need to be addressed. A few of them are cost, financing, and difficulties of partnerships with contractors or joint venture participants. Regulations related to health, safety and environmental matters must also be addressed. Effective risk management can really help corporationsRead MoreRecruting Human Resources: The Case of Nestlà © Company Essays750 Words   |  3 Pagespriority reached the best talents is created by gender mix. Opportunities provided are on the same level, are equal for both sexes. Employees are granted with health and wellness style, therefore safety holds a big part of its care for employees. (Your career at Nestlà ©, n.d., â€Å"Your work life† section, para 1-6) Currently, many job positions offered by the company are concerning Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s coffee production and merchandises. One of the latest job offers posted, concerns work for the coffee brand NespressoRead Moreproject manajment1121 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿2-15-99 Project Management: The Managerial Process COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 Modern Project Management What is a project? The project life cycle The project manager The importance of project management Snapshot from practice: The best wireless phone in the world Snapshot from practice: The emergence of e.Schwab The evolution of project management systems Project management today-- An integrative approachRead MoreHuman Resources Project Management Article Review1317 Words   |  6 PagesResources in Project Management Article Review Introduction The article chosen for this task is titled HRM Challenges in Transition to Project Management (Project-Based Organization). In HRM Challenges in Transition to Project Management (Project-Based Organization), Asta Stulgiene and Ruta Ciutiene give an analysis of the meaning and the purpose of human resource management. This paper reviews their article especially regarding their arguments on the concept of human resources, the project based organizationRead MorePersonal Statement For Risk Management722 Words   |  3 Pagesabove event has had its influence on me and it is my earnest wish, as a global citizen, to put in place a healthier economy that limits the potential for another downfall. Hence, in the coming few years, I aspire to be a Vice President in the Risk Management department of an international investment bank like Goldman Sachs or Credit Suisse. This position will empower me to oversee risk calculation techniques and ensure that the risks taken by the bank are within the regulatory guidelines. My long-termRead MoreOrganisational Culture and Motivation1496 Words   |  6 PagesCONTENTS Introduction and Rationale Problem Statement Objectives Introductory Literature Review Proposed Methodology Project Plan Sources of Reading INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE As Desson and Clouthier (2010) state, culture is an important factor in both attracting and retaining desirable employees. The extent to which an employee’s needs and expectations are fulfilled will determine the motivation, job satisfaction and performance levels (Mullins, 2005, p. 499) which would be influenced byRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Final Project1545 Words   |  7 Pages1 1 BA356 – Human Resource Management: Final Project Final Project – ABC Technology Company Isaac Rushton New Charter University BA356 – Human Resource Management 2 2 BA356 – Human Resource Management: Final Project Some potential key issues impacting the success of an organization include staffing challenges. Employee retention issues and high turnover can have an adverse effect on any business. There are many factors that could possibly tie into overall staffing issues. The inability to attractRead MoreResearch On Cloud Computing Risks And Risk Assessment Frameworks1296 Words   |  6 Pages Contents 1. Abstract 1 2. Introduction 1 3. Team structure work experience 2 3.1. Project #1: Data crunching using tableau 3 3.2. Project #2: Research on cloud computing risks and risk assessment frameworks 4 4. Learnings conclusion 7 1. Abstract This report describes the activities and tasks carried out during a 10 - week, full-time internship at the American International Group (AIG). The document contains information about AIG and the responsibilities performed

The Foreclosure Crisis Of Foreclosure - 915 Words

When the real estate value began to drop in 2007, hundreds of thousands of Americans were evicted from their homes through foreclosure or short sales; giving way to one of the deepest economic collapses in more than half a century. Now a large amount of borrowers are starting to bounce back. Like a boomerang, these battered borrowers are re-entering the home market after years of renting, nursing their credit and saving enough to buy again; but in a economy like this that we could say now is sort of â€Å"stable† is it smart going all in on another mortgage or better going with the â€Å"rent-to-own†. The house market has started to rise again, and for so saying that, many boomerang buyers are heading back to the housing market. People who go through foreclosure can rebuild credit records and qualify for home loans again in three to seven years if they manage their finances well. With many home prices still at low prices and interest rates near record lows, today’s boomerang buyers might even find their next mortgage more affordable than the one before. Most of boomerang buyers are around areas such as California and Arizona where the house market took the hardest hit by foreclosures, and their return is contributing to rebounds in those markets. Going forward, many growing numbers of boomerang buyers could help the offset the expected slackening in demand from investors as home prices start to rise, says Stan Humphries, economist for real estate website Zillow.Show MoreRelatedForeclosure : The Foreclosure Crisis1853 Words   |  8 PagesIn the U.S., the rate of home foreclosure is gradually increasing each year, which means that there are fewer homeowners. Even though it is the duty of the banks to make sure that prospective clients can purchase the ideal home and pay off their mortgages, it is the role of potential homeowners’ to conduct research on a range of homes that are within their price range that will not resu lt in foreclosure. The increase of home foreclosures places the economy under a great strain in order to maintainRead MoreForeclosure : The Foreclosure Crisis927 Words   |  4 PagesThe foreclosure/housing market crash several years ago affected a vast amount of families across the country. Unfortunately, my family was also affected. Thankfully, my parents have not gone through foreclosure yet, but we are all stuck in a house because we are â€Å"underwater† (owe more than it is worth). This crisis directly and indirectly affected so many, but thankfully we are all starting to bounce back. For those who had the unthinkable misfortune to lose their home and go through foreclosureRead MoreThe Foreclosure Crisis Of Foreclosure1052 Words   |  5 PagesIt is not surprising that after having lost their homes either in foreclosure or short sale, â€Å"foreclosure victims† were hesitant to purchase new homes. Losing a home, a place of stability, safety, and family, is just as mentally taxing as economically. However, as the world economy is recovering from the 2008 financial crisis, so are the victims of the housing market crash are slowly opening up to taking up mortgages and becoming home-owners once again. As the economy slowly improves, in the fourthRead MoreForeclosure Crisis : A Foreclosure Disaster1091 Words   |  5 Pagesit comes to real estate there was a major foreclosure disaster. Since I can remember my household has constantly in some form involved in real estate, I have seen first-hand the real estate increase and decrease over and over again. Therefore, I believe in the saying that like my pops always say â€Å"what goes up must come down†, particularly considering the recurring environment of the real estate market, for us the understand current overwhelming foreclosure disaster, keep from being unemployed or notRead MoreThe Foreclosure Crisis1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Foreclosure Crisis† cannot be solved it can only be slowed by programs and policies offered as management tools to curtail the volume of home owners going into foreclosure proceedings. This â€Å"Foreclosure Crisis† should be addressed from the perspective of both the home b uyer/owner and the lender. Both sides of this coin are required to create a balance of suggestions, policies and modifications towards the lending practices of mortgage companies and the reiteration of the home buyer’s positiveRead MoreThe Foreclosure Crisis Of Foreclosure939 Words   |  4 Pagescouldn’t afford and used their equity for loans like there was no tomorrow. Therefore, the foreclosure was sort of a formality and an appropriate action by the banks in those cases. Although, there were many responsible people who bought affordable homes, but got behind on payments after the economy crashed. Normally under those circumstances the bank has an incentive to keep borrowers in their homes because foreclosure is generally a costly decision for the bank as foreclosed homes are sold at a discountRead MoreThe Foreclosure Crisis Of Foreclosure1777 Words   |  8 PagesForeclosure is one of the most difficult things to face. A home is usually the single largest investm ent for the average consumer and to lose that is very devastating and hard to recover from. Today, I work for one of the largest foreclosure homebuyers in Florida. They buy about 500 homes per year only from the foreclosure auction. This company has been investing since before the crash and they have shared their knowledge and experience with me over the past two years so that I don’t make the sameRead MoreThe Foreclosure Crisis1120 Words   |  5 Pagesfrightening than the rising rates of home foreclosures. Owning a home has long been considered the cornerstone of the Great American Dream, and now for many that dream has turned into a nightmare, from which there seems no escape. The combination of predatory lending practices and consumers who have for to long lived beyond their means has created an escalating problem. Unfortunately, there are no easy answers. In the third quarter of 2008, completed foreclosures rose 8%, to the staggering number ofRead MoreForeclosure Crisis1254 Words   |  6 PagesForeclosure Crisis: What Should the Federal Government Do? The mortgage crisis we are experiencing in the United States today is already ranking as among the most serious economic events since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Hardly a day goes by without a story in the newspaper or on the cable news stations reporting about the increase in the number of foreclosures across the United States. The effects of this crisis have spread across all financial markets, where in the end all of us are payingRead MoreForeclosure Essay : The Foreclosure Crisis Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesFORECLOSURE. What? Wait? Foreclosure? I knew we were behind but lose our home? What are we going to do? That is a conversation that has happened many thousands of times in the past 10 years. That is normal for me because this conversation is one I had about 7 years ago. You get married and you both have great jobs, owning a home is of course the next step. Right? Not always. We started a family and looked at home ownership as a dream that could be our reality. Owning your own home is

Multinational Corporation (Mnc) or Multinational Enterprise (Mne) Free Essays

A  multinational corporation  (MNC) or  multinational enterprise  (MNE)[1]  is a  corporation  enterprise that manages  production  or deliversservices  in more than one country. It can also be referred to as an  international corporation. The  International Labour Organization  (ILO) has defined[citation needed]  an MNC as a corporation that has its management headquarters in one country, known as the  home country, and operates in several other countries, known as  host countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Multinational Corporation (Mnc) or Multinational Enterprise (Mne) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some multinational corporations are very big, with budgets that exceed some nations’  gross domestic products  (GDPs). Multinational corporations can have a powerful influence in local economies, and even the  world economy, and play an important role in  international relations  and  globalization. Apple Inc. formerly  Apple Computer, Inc. is an American  multinational corporation  that designs and sells  consumer electronics,  computer software, and  personal computers. The company’s best-known hardware products are the  Macintosh  line of computers, the  iPod, the  iPhone  and the  iPad. Its software includes the  Mac OS X  operating system; the  iTunes  media browser; the  iLife  suite of multimedia and creativity software; the iWork  suite of productivity software;  Aperture, a professional photography package;  Final Cut Studio, a suite of professional audio and film-industry software products;  Logic Studio, a suite of music production tools; the  Safari  web browser; and  iOS, a mobile operating system. As of July 2011, Apple has 357  retail stores  in ten countries, and an  online store. It has been the  largest publicly traded company in the world by market capitalization,[7][8]  swapping spots with  ExxonMobil, and the largest technology company in the world by revenue and profit. [9]  As of September 24, 2011, the company had 60,400 permanent full-time employees and 2,900 temporary full-time employees worldwide; its worldwide annual sales totalled $65. 23 billion, growing to $108. 249 billion in 2011. Fortune  magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2011. 10][11][12][13]  However, the company has received  widespread criticism  for its contractors’ labor, and for its environmental and business practices. [14][15] Established on April 1, 1976 in  Cupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977,[16]  the company was named Apple Computer, Inc. for its first 30 years. The word â€Å"Computer† was removed from its name on January 9, 2007,[17]  as its traditiona l focus on personal computers shifted towards  consumer electronics. [18] 1976–1980: The early years Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by  Steve Jobs,  Steve Wozniak, and  Ronald Wayne,[1]  to sell the  Apple I  personal computer kit. They were hand-built by Wozniak[19][20]  and first shown to the public at the  Homebrew Computer Club. [21]  The Apple I was sold as a  motherboard  (with  CPU,RAM, and basic textual-video chips)—less than what is today considered a complete personal computer. [22]  The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666. 66 Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977[16]  without Wayne, who sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800. Multi-millionaire  Mike Markkula  provided essential business expertise and funding of $250,000 during the incorporation of Apple. [ By the end of the 1970s, Apple had a staff of computer designers and a production line. The company introduced the ill-fated  Apple III  in May 1980 in an attempt to compete with  IBM  and  Microsoft  in the business and corporate computing market. [35] Jobs and several Apple employees including  Jef Raskin  visited  Xerox PARC  in December 1979 to see the  Xerox Alto. Xerox granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilities in return for the option to buy 100,000 shares (800,000 split-adjusted shares) of Apple at the pre-IPO price of $10 a share. [36]  Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a graphical user interface (GUI), and development of a GUI began for the  Apple Lisa. [37] When Apple went public, it generated more capital than any IPO since  Ford Motor Company  in 1956 and instantly created more millionaires (about 300) than any company in history. In 1984, Apple next launched the Macintosh. Its debut was announced by the now famous $1. 5 milliontelevision commercial â€Å"1984†. It was directed by  Ridley Scott, aired during the third quarter of  Super Bowl XVIIIon January 22, 1984,[39]  and is now considered a watershed event for Apple’s success[40]  and a â€Å"masterpiece†. [41][42] In 1985 a power struggle developed between Jobs and CEO  John Sculley, who had been hired two years earlier. [45]  The Apple board of directors instructed Sculley to â€Å"contain† Jobs and limit his ability to launch expensive forays into untested products. Jobs resigned from Apple and founded  NeXT Inc. the same year. [46] 1986–1993: Rise and fall Having learned several painful lessons after introducing the bulky  Macintosh Portable  in 1989, Apple introduced the  PowerBook  in 1991. The Macintosh Portable was designed to be just as powerful as a desktop Macintosh, but weighed 7. 5 kilograms (17  lb) with a 12-hour battery life. The same year, Apple introduced  System 7, a major upgrade to the operating system, which added color to the interface and introduced new networking capabilities. It remained the architectural basis for  Mac OS  until 2001. During this time Apple experimented with a number of other failed consumer targeted products including  digital cameras,  portable CD audio players,  speakers,  video consoles, and  TV appliances. Enormous resources were also invested in the problem-plagued  Newton divisionbased on John Sculley’s unrealistic market forecasts. [citation needed]  Ultimately, all of this proved too-little-too-late for Apple as their market share and stock prices continued to slide. [citation needed] 1994–1997: Attempts at reinvention In 1996, Michael Spindler was replaced by  Gil Amelio  as CEO. Gil Amelio made many changes at Apple, including extensive layoffs. [54]  After multiple failed attempts to improve Mac OS, first with the  Taligent  project, then later with  Copland  and  Gershwin, Amelio chose to purchase  NeXT  and its  NeXTSTEP  operating system, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple as an advisor. [55]  On July 9, 1997, Gil Amelio was ousted by the board of directors after overseeing a three-year record-low stock price and crippling financial losses. Jobs became the interim CEO and began restructuring the company’s product line. 1998–2005: Return to profitability On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer reminiscent of the  Macintosh 128K: the  iMac. The iMac design team was led by  Jonathan Ive, who would later design the  iPod  and the  iPhone. [59][60]  The iMac featured modern technology and a unique design, and sold almost 800,000 units in its first five months. [61] On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the first official  Apple Retail Stores  in Virginia and California. 69]Later on July 9 they bought Spruce Technologies, a  DVD authoring  company. On October 23 of the same year, Apple announced the  iPod  portable  digital audio player, and started selling it on November 10. The product was phenomenally successful  Ã¢â‚¬â€ over 100 million units were sold within six years. [70][71 2007–2011: iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad Delivering his keynote speech at the   Macworld Expo  on January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. would from that point on be known as Apple Inc. because computers were no longer the main focus of the company, which had shifted its emphasis to mobile electronic devices. The event also saw the announcement of the  iPhone  and the  Apple TV. [83]  The following day, Apple shares hit $97. 80, an all-time high at that point. In May, Apple’s share price passed the $100 mark. [84] In October 2010, Apple shares hit an all-time high, eclipsing $300. [98]  Additionally, on October 20, Apple updated their  MacBook Air  laptop,iLife  suite of applications, and unveiled  Mac OS X Lion, the latest installment in  their Mac OS X operating system. 99]  On January 6, 2011, the company opened their  Mac App Store, a digital software distribution platform, similar to the existing iOS App Store. [100]  Apple was featured in the documentary  Something Ventured  which premiered in 2011. 2011–present: Post–Steve Jobs era On January 17, 2011, Jobs announced in an internal Apple memo that he would take another medical leave of absence, for an indefinite period, to allow him to focus on his health. Chief operating officer  Tim Cook  took up Jobs’ day-to-day operations at Apple, although Jobs would still remain â€Å"involved in major strategic decisions for the company. [101]  Apple became the most valuable consumer-facing brand in the world. [102] On October 4, 2011, Apple announced the  iPhone 4S, which includes an improved camera with 1080p video recording, a dual core A5 chip capable of 7 times faster graphics than the A4, an â€Å"intelligent software assistant† named  Siri, and cloud-sourced data with  iCloud. [110][111]One day later, on October 5, 2011, Apple announced that Jobs had died, marking the end of an era for Apple Inc. [ ———————————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Culture Corporate Apple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked the traditional notions of what a  corporate cultureshould look like in organizational hierarchy (flat versus tall, casual versus formal attire, etc. ). Other highly successful firms with similar cultural aspects from the same period include  Southwest Airlines  and  Microsoft. Originally, the company stood in opposition to staid competitors like  IBM  by default, thanks to the influence of its founders; Steve Jobs often walked around the office barefoot even after Apple was a  Fortune 500  company. By the time of the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"1984† TV ad, this trait had become a key way the company attempted to differentiate itself from its competitors. [142] Users Apple’s brand’s loyalty is considered unusual for any product. At one time,  Apple evangelists  were actively engaged by the company, but this was after the phenomenon was already firmly established. Apple evangelist  Guy Kawasaki  has called the brand fanaticism â€Å"something that was stumbled upon†. [154]  Apple has, however, supported the continuing existence of a network of  Mac User Groups  in most major and many minor centers of population where Mac computers are available. Mac users would meet at the European  Apple Expo  and the San Francisco  Macworld Conference Expo  trade shows where Apple traditionally introduced new products each year to the industry and public until Apple pulled out of both events. While the conferences continue, Apple does not have official representation there. Mac developers, in turn, continue to gather at the annual AppleWorldwide Developers Conference. ————————————————- Corporate affairs During the Mac’s early history Apple generally refused to adopt prevailing industry standards for hardware, instead creating their own. [161]This trend was largely reversed in the late 1990s beginning with Apple’s adoption of the  PCI  bus in the  7500/8500/9500  Power Macs. Apple has since adopted  USB,  AGP,  HyperTransport,  Wi-Fi, and other industry standards in its computers and was in some cases a leader in the adoption of standards such as USB. [162]  FireWire  is an Apple-originated standard that has seen widespread industry adoption after it was standardized as  IEEE 1394. [163] Headquarters Apple Inc. s world corporate headquarters are located in the middle of  Silicon Valley, at 1-6  Infinite Loop,  Cupertino, California. This Apple campus has six buildings that total 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2) and was built in 1993 by Sobrato Development Cos. [167] —————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Finance In its fiscal year ending in September 2011, Apple Inc. hit new heights financially with $108 billion in revenues increased significantly from $65 billion in 2010 and nearly $82 billion available in cash reserve, but the market share decreased to 15 percent from 16. 6 percent. [219] How to cite Multinational Corporation (Mnc) or Multinational Enterprise (Mne), Papers

American Marriage in Transition free essay sample

American Marriage in Different Eras Marriage has changed dramatically over time in the many years it has been around. What do think Marriage was like 100 years ago? The article, â€Å"American Marriage in Transition†, describes how many different types of marriage there are and how people have changed their view on it. Andrew Cherlin (the sociologist of the article) does a great job going in depth explaining American marriage. He arranges the different marriages in three different categories; Institutionalized which was the earliest type of marriage, then Companionship around World War II, and currently we are considered Individualized. Institutionalized marriage is the earliest type of marriage that he describes in the article. This was where the men were mainly the bread winners and the women would stay home with the kids and do chores around the house. The couples would only be having kids if they were married and it was very rare back then to have any without any marital status. We will write a custom essay sample on American Marriage in Transition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The U. S. National Center for Health says, â€Å"1 of 6 births in the United States occurred outside of marriage. † Usually the women would not have any education the majority of the time. Also back in the day they would have gotten married younger than today’s standard which makes it very surprising that getting divorce was very unlikely. The concept of same sex marriage was not talked about and was pretty much banned from society, also the thought of having multiple partners was either not allowed or just hidden from everybody finding out. Marriage started to transition into the companionship marriage where it is more common to see some of the men staying home and the women in the workforce. This would start happening around very challenging times like World War II and the Depression. There would most likely be split chores or responsibilities around the house that the men and the women would take turns doing. This first change of getting married was starting to become more of a choice rather than a necessity. This way of marriage still remained the only socially acceptable way to have a sexual relationship and to raise children in their home. The sociologists of the time say that 4% of kids were born outside the marriage. They were marrying at a lot younger ages between 1900 and 1960 which average age went from 26 to 23 for men and from 22 to 20. Around that time the birth rate increased at a very dramatic rate. So after the World War II the whole meaning of marriage began to weaken, which started the next type of marriage. Beginning in the early 1960’s the average age of men and women rose back to an all-time high, with men around 27 and women around 25. This is where we start seeing more individualized marriages. Most of them wanted to stay single until they finished their education and found some sort of stable job to support the family. So that’s when it came a lot more acceptable to have kids outside the marriage and have a family without being married. The divorce rate increased substantially and so did the number of same sex marriages, which was looked upon differently for the first time. For the household chores the men in the relationship started to become a lot more understanding and more helpful in the house. This is when we also see both the men and women working outside the home.